Military knowledge military uniform

Standard clothing used by soldiers. Also known as military uniform. There are uniformly prescribed styles, colors, materials and wearing methods. Mainly include military tops, military pants, shirts, military caps, coats, military shoes, signs and symbols. According to different dressing occasions, military uniforms are divided into four categories: regular service, formal wear, training uniform, and overalls. According to service types, there are army uniforms, navy uniforms, and air force uniforms. According to the season of wearing, there are summer clothes and winter clothes. The military uniform has three functions of protection, identification and symbolization. The style of military uniforms is usually set by the highest authority of the country. The style of the Chinese People's Liberation Army's military uniform is formulated by the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China. 　　An ancient Chinese army wore armor with defensive and identification functions during the battle. The armor before the Western Zhou Dynasty had leather armor, bronze armor appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and iron armor appeared in the late Warring States Period. During the Warring States Period, King Zhao Wuling promoted 'Hu Huqi', replacing the loose and broad Central Plains clothing with a short robe and narrow sleeves. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, in addition to armor, the army also had red-yellow blouses and red pants. In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, infantry soldiers wore trousers made of brocade or beast skin, tight and narrow, with their knees long. In the Tang Dynasty, generals used robe and sergeant used jacket. Military uniforms of the Song Dynasty are divided into infantry clothing and horse army clothing. Spring clothing and winter clothing are also different. For example, infantry spring clothes include soap silk shirts, white silk undershirts, white silk jackets, violet headbands, blue and yellow shirts, white silk shirts, and linen shoes; infantry winter clothes include soap silk cotton jackets, yellow silk cotton jackets, White silk cotton socks trousers, violet headscarf, blue and yellow shirt, linen shoes. Ma Jun replaced the blue and yellow shirts with silk scarves, and added white silk clip socks and trousers to the winter coat. In 1907 (Thirty-three years of Guangxu) and 1909 (the first year of Xuantong), the uniforms of the Army and the Imperial Guard were formulated respectively. Army clothing is divided into dresses and regular clothes. The dress tops are blue and the pants are black. The winter and summer uniforms are all turquoise, with cardigans, four pockets for officers, two pockets for soldiers, and large brimmed hats of the same color. The military uniforms of the Imperial Guard are made of khaki fabric in summer and tile grey in winter. 　　The soldiers of the ancient Roman army mainly used white clothes and armor, and carried different colors of feathers on the helmet to identify the various legions. From 1670 to 1672, the French army promoted standard clothing. The styles and colors of military uniforms in the 18th to 19th centuries were constantly changing. Among them, there was a situation where simple styles were emphasized, but actual use was inconvenient. For example, the armies of many European countries wear bearskin cylinder hats, tuxedos, white cross straps, and high-waist boots. This gorgeous military uniform culminated in the mid-19th century. With the improvement of firearms, the military forces of these countries have to change their military uniforms that have no benefit in actual combat. From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the color of military uniforms emphasized the protective effect during wartime. In 1880, British troops stationed in India wore earth-colored military uniforms. Many national military uniforms are gray, brown or green. In 1895, the British army first used grass-green military uniforms. In 1905, the Japanese army changed the black military uniform worn during the war to khaki. During this period, some countries divided military uniforms into two types, usually worn and worn in wartime. In 1898, the U.S. Army's military uniforms were divided into dresses and field uniforms. During the First World War, the armies of most belligerent countries wore protective field uniforms. At the end of the Second World War, the Germans first used three-color camouflage uniforms, and later the US military equipped four-color camouflage uniforms. In the 1980s, five-color camouflage uniforms were used all over the world, but usually used regular clothes or dresses. 　　 Overview of the development of military uniforms of the Chinese People's Liberation Army On August 1, 1927, the Nanchang Uprising Army wore National Revolutionary Army clothing and wore a red scarf to show the difference. The early workers and peasants' red army uniforms were gray tunic suits (some units were cyan or blue). They wore leggings, cloth shoes or straw shoes, octagonal caps, red collars and red five-pointed star badges. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the military uniforms of the Eighth Route Army were earthen tunic suits, the New Fourth Army was grey tunic suits, and the military caps were straight domes with caps. The armbands on the left arm were worn with the words 'Eighth Road' or 'N4A'. In the later period of the Liberation War, military uniforms were available in two colors, yellow and gray. The chest was worn with a red-edged badge with seven black characters of the 'Chinese People's Liberation Army' on a white background. The hat was changed to a liberation hat, and the 'August 1' copper red five-pointed star badge was worn. . In 1950, the uniforms of the whole army were uniformed as cardigans (warrior summer clothes were heddle styles) and large brim hats. The clothing color is green for the army, green for the air force, and blue for the navy, navy clothes are blue for the white, and cotton clothes are all blue. In 1955, with the implementation of the military rank system, military uniforms were divided into dresses and regular uniforms. Dresses, navy blue for navy, army, and air force, navy blue for navy, suit style, collar, cuffs, and trouser seams with different colored floss. Army uniforms are brown-green, navy uniforms are white and blue, and full blue. Air force uniforms are brown, green, and blue. They are all standing lapels, officer jackets have four pockets, and army and air force soldiers are two dark. Chest pockets, navy soldiers with hooded sailor uniforms; officers with large brimmed hats, soldiers with boat-shaped caps, female soldiers with soft brimmed hats, winter velvet hats or leather hats; officers above the school are wool, and officers are twill, The soldiers are plain cloth. In 1965, officers and soldiers changed to wear red five-pointed star badges, red collars, and liberation hats. The uniforms of navy uniforms were the same as those of the army and air force, and the colors were gray. In 1988, a new military rank system was implemented and 87 military uniforms were replaced. In 1994, uniforms for military uniforms were divided into three types: summer clothing is divided into three types, winter clothing is divided into four types, and training clothing is divided into four types. Participate in exercises, attendance or assembly, school reading, etc. to unify the standard military shoes. The specific requirements for dress code shall be implemented in accordance with regulations and relevant regulations. On May 1, 1997, he tried on a new generation of military uniforms in the troops stationed in Hong Kong. 　　Military uniform series includes four types of military uniforms, military dresses, training uniforms and work uniforms: Military uniforms　The standard clothing for military personnel to wear in ordinary and general ceremonial occasions. Each kind of regular service officer is different. The styles, colors and materials of the military uniforms of various countries have their own characteristics due to different economic conditions, geographical location and ethnic customs. 　　 The Chinese People's Liberation Army 87 styles of service include military officers' summer clothes and winter clothes, soldiers' summer clothes and winter clothes. ① Officer Xia Changfu. The army is brown-green, the navy is white and navy blue, and the air force is brown-green and navy blue. The top is a small lapel, two top patch pockets, two undercut pockets, and Western-style pants; the female officer's top is two undercut pockets. The material used is wool polyester verdant. With a color shirt, a navy blue tie (the female officer is rose red), and a metal collar flower as a military symbol. Standard shirt, beige for the army, white for the navy, moon white for the air force, hunting style, open collar, short sleeves, four patch pockets; female officer’s shirt with two patch pockets, dark blue faux fur in summer Suit skirt. The standard shirt material is combed polyester cotton yarn. Large brimmed hats have military floss, hat wall coats with artificial ribbons, the army is red, the navy is black, and the air force is sky blue; the cap straps are golden yellow and the captain is silver gray; the cap badge is round and patterned It is the military emblem of August 1. ② Officer winter uniform. Color, the army is brownish green, the navy is navy blue, and the air force is brownish green and navy blue. The top is a lapel, four digging pockets, and Western-style trousers; the female officer has an open collar and two digging pockets. The material is wool polyester breeches, and the naval warship officer is the suit. The general coat, the army and air force are brown-green, the navy is navy blue, two digging bags, a back belt, a cold protection layer inside, and the material is breeches. The school officer coat is a windbreaker style, the color is the same as the general officer coat, with a cold layer inside, and the material is polyester-cotton khaki. Lieutenant and non-commissioned officer coats, grass green for the army and air force, navy blue for navy, planted velvet collar, two oblique digging pockets, two lower patch pockets, pumping belt and rear waistband in the middle waist, and flakes for cold protection It is a leather coat), the same fabric as the school officer coat, the warship officer is the coat. The winter hat is a brown velvet hat or leather hat. ③ Soldier Xia Changfu. Army and Air Force soldier Xia Changfu, the color is the same as that of Lieutenant Winter. The top is an open collar with four patch pockets; the female soldier Xia Changfu has the same style as the female officer Xia Changfu. The material is polyester-cotton plain cloth. The soldier-style shirt is open collar, short sleeves, two patch pockets, the female soldier-style shirt is the same as the female officer-style shirt, and the materials and colors are the same as those of the military officer's-style shirt. The soldier's big brim hat is the same as the officer's big brim hat. The hat wall ribbon army and air force are dark green, with a 1 cm red or sky blue decorative line in the middle, and the navy is black; the hat wind belt is black artificial leather. The navy soldier Xia Changfu is top bleached and navy blue. The top is a pullover style shawl sailor suit, the trousers are side opening trousers, and the material is polyester cotton plain cloth. The hat is a topless hat with a streamer. ④Soldier winter uniforms. The style is basically the same as that of the officer's winter uniform. The jacket pocket is changed to four patch pockets. Army and Air Force soldiers have the same color as winter clothing in winter uniforms, while navy is dark blue. The material is polyester-cotton khaki. The cold protection layer is the same as the Weiguan winter clothing. Navy navy soldiers are hooded sailor uniforms. The style of the coat is basically the same as that of the officer's coat, but with a hood and knee pads, the cold area is a leather coat, and the sailor is a coat. The fleece or leather cap has cap ear holes. The styles of the sergeants, professional sergeants, and students in the winter and summer uniforms are the same as those of the lieutenant, and the materials are the same as those of the soldiers in winter and summer. Military dress 　 is a standard clothing worn by military personnel during major festivals, ceremonies, reviews and important foreign affairs. Some countries also have banquet clothes (evening dresses), holiday dresses and regular dresses. Most national military forces only distribute officers. Military dress materials are exquisite, mostly pure wool or wool-polyester blended fabrics, with fine production, bright colors, and decoration focusing on ethnic style. The military of many countries also has guards of honor, concierge suits and performance clothing for military orchestras. The Chinese People's Liberation Army dresses include officer dresses, honor guards and military orchestra courtesy clothes, and cultural troupe performance clothes. Military officer dresses are divided into summer dresses and winter dresses, both of which are suit styles, with square hem. The summer dress is a flat-topped vulcan top and pants, the army is beige, the navy is white, the air force is light sky blue, and the service floss is sewn on the collar and pants. The dress collar flower general is five stars and pine branches and leaves, the school officer is five stars and wheat ears, and the officer is composed of five stars and sword-shaped rays. The large brim hat is decorated with golden brim flowers and wears a regular shirt, tie and epaulettes. The winter dress is a pointed tuxedo top and pants, the army is navy blue, the navy is navy blue, and the air force is navy blue. The floss on the collar and the seams in the trousers is the same as the summer dress, with a winter dress big brim hat. The matching clothing is the same as the summer dress. 　　Working clothes　also known as field clothes. It is the standard clothing worn by soldiers in combat, training, labor and military duties. The characteristic is light and durable, with good protection performance, adapt to the needs of field conditions. It is generally classified according to service type, and some national troops also have service uniforms. According to the protection color, there are single-color ordinary training suits and multi-color combination camouflage training suits, which are usually used by officers and soldiers. They are mostly made of synthetic fibers and cotton blended fabrics, and they are also made of pure cotton fabrics and purified fiber fabrics that have been specially treated. . General training uniforms of the Chinese People's Liberation Army include summer training uniforms and winter training uniforms. The army is grass green, the navy is navy blue, and the air force is green grass and blue. Xia Zuo training suit jacket is jacket type, open collar, there are two zippered front chest digging pockets and two lower patch pockets with flaps, there are two oblique slip pockets with zipper outside the patch pockets, arm pockets and logo loops, Elastic band at hem. The trousers are loose-fitting Western-style trousers, with two patch pockets at the front and back, and a tab at the hem of the trousers. A training hat with a soft hat and a wide brim. There are two sets of decorative buckles on each side of the hat. The material is polyester-cotton flat cloth. The cap badge is made of soft plastic, which is easy to conceal and wear a helmet. Winter training uniforms, tops with switch collars, two chest pockets, two lower patch pockets and arm pockets, logo loops, drawstrings on the hem, cuffs and trousers, the cold layer is common to the winter layer. The material is polyester-cotton khaki. Camouflage clothing color, woodland color in summer, desert grassland color in winter, styles, materials and cold protection layer are common with ordinary training clothes, with camouflage training cap. 　　Work clothes　Standard clothing for work convenience and protection. The work clothes of the Chinese People's Liberation Army include general work clothes and special work clothes, and distinguish between military work clothes and winter and summer work clothes. The work materials used in different positions are different. Common work clothes mainly include mechanical operation clothes, armored work clothes, medical staff work clothes, cooking work clothes, etc. For the mechanical operation suit, the army is green, and the navy and air force are dark blue. The jacket is jacket type, tight cuffs, two chest pockets, concealed buckle, with elbow pads; pants have knee pads and crotch pads. The fabric is Victoria cotton plain cloth in summer and Victoria cotton in winter. The winter and summer overalls of the armored soldiers are jacket jackets with elbow pads and breeches. The color and materials are the same as the winter and summer army mechanical operation uniforms. The cotton liners and lint inner tanks are matched with the winter overalls. The general uniforms of the Soviet army are included in the special uniforms. The special work clothes of the Chinese People's Liberation Army are divided into two types: special environmental protection clothes and hazardous material protection clothes (see Special Work Clothes). 　　Development Trend　With the development of science, technology and economy, the role of military uniforms is increasingly developing in the direction of comprehensive functions and special protection. For example, the training uniform is changed from monochrome to camouflage camouflage, and it will become a multifunctional field suit with fire prevention, rain protection, cold protection, heat protection, anti-detection, good breathability, and comfortable wearing. Focus on researching special work clothes. Military materials are mostly made of chemical fiber blended or purified fiber fabrics and batts to reduce the weight of clothing. The structure of the military uniform adopts multi-layer matching to make it have good cold and warm performance and adjustment performance. For ordinary clothes and dresses, it is mainly to improve the appearance and wearing comfort, while focusing on economy and clothing size.